20260407 网络时间设置

一、时间设置1.常见管理命令1.1 date 命令[rootserver1 ~10:19:55]# dateTue Apr710:37:11 CST2026[rootserver1 ~10:37:11]# echo $LANGen_US.UTF-8# 设置时间显示格式[rootserver1 ~10:37:11]# LANGzh_ZN.UTF-8[rootserver1 ~10:37:38]# dateTue Apr710:37:41 CST2026# 设置时间[rootserver1 ~10:37:41]# date -s Tue Apr 7 10:37:48 CST 2026Tue Apr710:37:48 CST20261.2 tzselect 命令# 查看时区对应代码。[rootserver1 ~10:38:11]# tzselectPlease identify a location so thattimezone rules can besetcorrectly. Pleaseselecta continent or ocean.1)Africa2)Americas3)Antarctica4)Arctic Ocean5)Asia6)Atlantic Ocean7)Australia8)Europe9)Indian Ocean10)Pacific Ocean11)none - I want to specify thetimezone using the Posix TZ format.#? 5Pleaseselecta country.1)Afghanistan18)Israel35)Palestine2)Armenia19)Japan36)Philippines3)Azerbaijan20)Jordan37)Qatar4)Bahrain21)Kazakhstan38)Russia5)Bangladesh22)Korea(North)39)Saudi Arabia6)Bhutan23)Korea(South)40)Singapore7)Brunei24)Kuwait41)Sri Lanka8)Cambodia25)Kyrgyzstan42)Syria9)China26)Laos43)Taiwan10)Cyprus27)Lebanon44)Tajikistan11)East Timor28)Macau45)Thailand12)Georgia29)Malaysia46)Turkmenistan13)Hong Kong30)Mongolia47)United Arab Emirates14)India31)Myanmar(Burma)48)Uzbekistan15)Indonesia32)Nepal49)Vietnam16)Iran33)Oman50)Yemen17)Iraq34)Pakistan#? 9Pleaseselectone of the followingtimezone regions.1)Beijing Time2)Xinjiang Time#? 2The following information has been given: China Xinjiang Time ThereforeTZAsia/Urumqiwill be used. Localtimeis now: Tue Apr708:38:34 062026. Universal Time is now: Tue Apr702:38:34 UTC2026. Is the above information OK?1)Yes2)No#? 1You canmakethis change permanentforyourself by appending the lineTZAsia/Urumqi;exportTZ to thefile.profileinyour home directory;thenlog out and loginagain. Here is that TZ value again, thistimeon standard output so that you can use the /usr/bin/tzselectcommandinshell scripts: Asia/Urumqi# 通过变量设置时区[rootserver1 ~10:38:39]# TZAsia/Urumqi; export TZ[rootserver1 ~ 08:38:54]# dateTue Apr708:38:57 062026[rootserver1 ~ 08:38:57]# TZAsia/Shanghai; export TZ[rootserver1 ~10:39:11]# dateTue Apr710:39:13 CST2026[rootserver1 ~10:39:13]#[rootserver1 ~10:39:16]#[rootserver1 ~10:39:22]# dateTue Apr710:39:24 CST2026[rootserver1 ~10:39:24]#二、自动对时chrony 软件2.1安装软件[rootserver1 ~10:39:24]# yum install -y chronyFailed tosetlocale, defaulting to C Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base|3.6kB 00:00 epel|4.3kB 00:00 extras|2.9kB 00:00 updates|2.9kB 00:002.2设置与哪个服务器对时[rootserver1 ~10:45:25]# vim /etc/chrony.conf# 将原先server开头的行注释掉并新增一行# 设置与aliyun对时server ntp.aliyun.com iburst2.3启动服务[rootserver1 ~10:47:50]# systemctl status chronyd● chronyd.service - NTP client/server Loaded: loaded(/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service;enabled;vendor preset: enabled)Active: inactive(dead)Docs: man:chronyd(8)man:chrony.conf(5)[rootserver1 ~10:48:05]# systemctl start chronyd[rootserver1 ~10:48:17]# dateTue Apr710:48:20 CST20262.4查看与哪个服务器对时[rootserver1 ~11:06:48]# chronyc sources -v210Number of sources1.-- Source mode^server,peer,#localclock. / .- Source state*current synced,combined ,-not combined,|/?unreachable,xtimemay beinerror,~timetoo variable.||.- xxxx[yyyy]/- zzzz||Reachability register(octal)-.|xxxxadjusted offset,||Log2(Polling interval)--.||yyyymeasured offset,||\||zzzzestimated error.||||\MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample^*203.107.6.88261718-2465us[-232us]/- 29ms三、网络管理3.1网络查看# 查看IP地址[rootserver1 ~11:11:36]# ip -br addrlo UNKNOWN127.0.0.1/8 ::1/128 ens33 UP10.1.8.11/24 fe80::20c:29ff:fee1:f033/64# 查看特定网卡IP地址[rootserver1 ~11:20:31]# ip -br addr show ens33ens33 UP10.1.8.11/24 fe80::20c:29ff:fee1:f033/64# 查看MAC地址[rootserver1 ~11:20:47]# ip -br linklo UNKNOWN 00:00:00:00:00:00LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UPens33 UP 00:0c:29:e1:f0:33BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP[rootserver1 ~11:20:53]# ip -br link show ens33ens33 UP 00:0c:29:e1:f0:33BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP# 查看网关[rootserver1 ~11:21:03]# ip routedefault via10.1.8.2 dev ens33 proto static metric10010.1.8.0/24 dev ens33 proto kernel scopelinksrc10.1.8.11 metric100# default 开头是条目网关# 查看DNS[rootserver1 ~11:21:08]# cat /etc/resolv.conf# Generated by NetworkManagersearch jiang.cloud nameserver223.5.5.5 nameserver223.6.6.63.2网络配置# 捅过配置文件修改[rootserver1 ~11:21:20]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33[rootserver1 ~11:25:15]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33TYPEEthernetPROXY_METHODnoneBROWSER_ONLYnoBOOTPROTOnoneDEFROUTEyesIPV4_FAILURE_FATALnoIPV6INITnoIPV6_AUTOCONFyesIPV6_DEFROUTEyesIPV6_FAILURE_FATALnoIPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODEstable-privacyNAMEens33UUID58de2941-93aa-4a12-9739-8aaf666d9abbDEVICEens33ONBOOTyesIPADDR10.1.8.11PREFIX24GATEWAY10.1.8.2DNS1223.5.5.5DNS2223.6.6.6IPV6_PRIVACYno#修改完文件后需要重新加载和激活配置文件[rootserver1 ~11:25:02]# nmcli connection reload[rootserver1 ~11:25:08]# nmcli connection up ens333.3通过命令行修改明白两个概念**device设备网卡。**connection连接网卡的配置。device和connection之间关系是网络需要一个配置同一时刻只能激活一个配置。例如我在2401教室激活2401配置使用的是同一个网卡 以太网2。3.4管理设备[rootserver1 ~11:27:10]# nmcli deviceDEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION ens33 ethernet connected ens33 lo loopback unmanaged --# 断开连接相当于拔掉网线[rootserver1 ~11:27:13]# nmcli device disconnect ens33# 接上连接相当于接上网线[rootcentos7 ~11:28:53]# nmcli device connect ens33# 查看网卡详细配置[rootserver1 ~11:28:32]# nmcli device show ens33GENERAL.DEVICE: ens33 GENERAL.TYPE: ethernet GENERAL.HWADDR: 00:0C:29:E1:F0:33 GENERAL.MTU:1500GENERAL.STATE:100(connected)GENERAL.CONNECTION: ens33 GENERAL.CON-PATH:/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveC WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER: on IP4.ADDRESS[1]:10.1.8.11/24 IP4.GATEWAY:10.1.8.2 IP4.ROUTE[1]: dst10.1.8.0/24, nh0.0.0.0, mt1IP4.ROUTE[2]: dst0.0.0.0/0, nh10.1.8.2, mt10IP4.DNS[1]:223.5.5.5 IP4.DNS[2]:223.6.6.6 IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::20c:29ff:fee1:f033/64 IP6.GATEWAY: -- IP6.ROUTE[1]: dstff00::/8, nh::, mt256, tabl IP6.ROUTE[2]: dstfe80::/64, nh::, mt256四、管理链接4.1实践静态配置IP动态配置IP给CentOS 系统添加一块网卡[rootcentos7 ~13:44:49]# nmcli deviceDEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION ens33 ethernet 已连接 ens33 ens36 ethernet 已连接 Wired connection1lo loopback 未托管 --# 多了一个 ens36 网卡1.添加一个动态获取的配置[rootcentos7 ~13:44:51]# nmcli connection up dongtaiConnection successfully activated(D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3)2.验证网卡配置信息自动获取了IP、网关和DNS[rootcentos7 ~13:45:03]# nmcli device show ens36GENERAL.DEVICE: ens36 GENERAL.TYPE: ethernet GENERAL.HWADDR: 00:0C:29:3D:87:65 GENERAL.MTU:1500GENERAL.STATE:100(connected)GENERAL.CONNECTION: dongtai GENERAL.CON-PATH:/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3 WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER: on IP4.ADDRESS[1]:10.1.1.128/24 IP4.GATEWAY: -- IP4.ROUTE[1]: dst10.1.1.0/24, nh0.0.0.0, mt101IP4.DNS[1]:10.1.1.1 IP4.DOMAIN[1]: localdomain IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::cd4f:4480:ebb3:a66a/64 IP6.GATEWAY: -- IP6.ROUTE[1]: dstfe80::/64, nh::, mt101IP6.ROUTE[2]: dstff00::/8, nh::, mt256,table2553.查看连接清单多了一个dongtai而且是激活状态关联了网卡ens36[rootcentos7 ~13:45:15]# nmcli connectionNAME UUID TYPE DEVICE ens33 58de2941-93aa-4a12-9739-8aaf666d9abb ethernet ens33 dongtai 315727ac-439e-46ff-aec4-93f47dda3fb1 ethernet ens36 dongtai 562ad2c3-b8ca-4e89-9d33-c84741f318be ethernet -- Wired connection197433838-a639-30be-ad1f-a7a0b7f00bf7 ethernet --4.2添加一个静态配置[rootcentos7 ~13:50:35]# nmcli connection add type ethernet ifname ens36 con-name jingtai ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 10.1.1.10/24Connectionjingtai(041b237c-e226-4e28-822a-055e24081b45)successfully added.[rootcentos7 ~13:57:54]# nmcli connection up jingtaiConnection successfully activated(D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)1. 网卡配置中只有IP地址没有网关和DNS因为没有配置。[rootcentos7 ~13:59:21]# nmcli device show ens33GENERAL.DEVICE: ens33 GENERAL.TYPE: ethernet GENERAL.HWADDR: 00:0C:29:3D:87:5B GENERAL.MTU:1500GENERAL.STATE:100(connected)GENERAL.CONNECTION: ens33 GENERAL.CON-PATH:/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1 WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER: on IP4.ADDRESS[1]:10.1.8.10/24 IP4.GATEWAY:10.1.8.2 IP4.ROUTE[1]: dst10.1.8.0/24, nh0.0.0.0, mt100IP4.ROUTE[2]: dst0.0.0.0/0, nh10.1.8.2, mt100IP4.DNS[1]:223.5.5.5 IP4.DNS[2]:223.6.6.6 IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::20c:29ff:fe3d:875b/64 IP6.GATEWAY: -- IP6.ROUTE[1]: dstfe80::/64, nh::, mt256IP6.ROUTE[2]: dstff00::/8, nh::, mt256,table255[rootcentos7 ~13:59:31]# nmcli connectionNAME UUID TYPE DEVICE ens33 58de2941-93aa-4a12-9739-8aaf666d9abb ethernet ens33 jingtai 041b237c-e226-4e28-822a-055e24081b45 ethernet ens36 dongtai 315727ac-439e-46ff-aec4-93f47dda3fb1 ethernet -- dongtai 562ad2c3-b8ca-4e89-9d33-c84741f318be ethernet -- Wired connection197433838-a639-30be-ad1f-a7a0b7f00bf7 ethernet --2. 修改连接配置[rootcentos7 ~14:05:39]# nmcli connection modify jingtai ipv4.addresses 10.1.1.100/24[rootcentos7 ~14:06:08]# nmcli connection up jingtai连接已成功激活D-Bus 活动路径/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/10[rootcentos7 ~14:06:13]# ip -br a show ens36ens36 UP10.1.1.100/24 fe80::23ef:cdb3:9c88:2362/643. 删除连接[rootcentos7 ~14:01:22]# nmcli connectionNAME UUID TYPE DEVICE ens33 58de2941-93aa-4a12-9739-8aaf666d9abb ethernet ens33 jingtai 041b237c-e226-4e28-822a-055e24081b45 ethernet ens36 dongtai 315727ac-439e-46ff-aec4-93f47dda3fb1 ethernet -- dongtai 562ad2c3-b8ca-4e89-9d33-c84741f318be ethernet -- Wired connection197433838-a639-30be-ad1f-a7a0b7f00bf7 ethernet --# 删除dongtai[rootcentos7 ~14:03:56]# nmcli connection delete dongtaiConnectiondongtai(315727ac-439e-46ff-aec4-93f47dda3fb1)successfully deleted. Connectiondongtai(562ad2c3-b8ca-4e89-9d33-c84741f318be)successfully deleted.[rootcentos7 ~14:08:04]# nmcli connectionNAME UUID TYPE DEVICE ens33 58de2941-93aa-4a12-9739-8aaf666d9abb ethernet ens33 jingtai 041b237c-e226-4e28-822a-055e24081b45 ethernet ens36 Wired connection197433838-a639-30be-ad1f-a7a0b7f00bf7 ethernet --# 删除Wired\ connection\ 1[rootcentos7 ~14:08:17]# nmcli connection delete Wired\ connection\ 1ConnectionWired connection 1(97433838-a639-30be-ad1f-a7a0b7f00bf7)successfully deleted.[rootcentos7 ~14:08:31]# nmcli connectionNAME UUID TYPE DEVICE ens33 58de2941-93aa-4a12-9739-8aaf666d9abb ethernet ens33 jingtai 041b237c-e226-4e28-822a-055e24081b45 ethernet ens36# 删除jingtai[rootcentos7 ~14:08:38]# nmcli connection delete jingtaiConnectionjingtai(041b237c-e226-4e28-822a-055e24081b45)successfully deleted.[rootcentos7 ~14:08:52]# nmcli connectionNAME UUID TYPE DEVICE ens33 58de2941-93aa-4a12-9739-8aaf666d9abb ethernet ens334.修改dns[rootcentos7 ~14:09:15]# nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.dns 223.5.5.5 ipv4.dns 223.6.6.6[rootcentos7 ~14:13:37]# nmcli connection up ens33Connection successfully activated(D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5)[rootcentos7 ~14:13:43]# cat /etc/resolv.conf# Generated by NetworkManagersearch jqz.cloud nameserver223.5.5.5 nameserver223.6.6.6